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Rajasthani dialects evolved from Maru-Gurjar Apabhramsa (Post-Vedic Sanskrit тЖТ Prakrit тЖТ Apabhramsa). The 'Golden Era' of these dialects was between 1650 and 1850 AD.
| Scholar | Work | Classification Approach |
|---|---|---|
| George Grierson | Linguistic Survey of India (1908) | Divided into 5 main groups based on geography. |
| L.P. Tessitori | Indian Antiquary | Divided into Western and Eastern Rajasthani. |
| Motilal Menariya | Rajasthani Bhasha aur Sahitya | Classified based on linguistic and literary traditions. |
| Group | Major Dialect | Regions | Notable Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Western | Marwari | Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jaisalmer | Standard dialect; Dingal literary form. |
| Western | Mewari | Udaipur, Chittorgarh | Used in Maharana Kumbha's Sanskrit-mixed works. |
| Western | Vagdi | Dungarpur, Banswara | 'Bhil' dialect; 100% Gujarati influence. |
| Central-East | Dhundhari | Jaipur, Tonk, Ajmer | Also called 'Jharanshahi'; used by Sant Dadu. |
| Central-East | Hadoti | Kota, Bundi | Used by State Poet Suryamal Misran. |
| North-East | Mewati | Alwar, Bharatpur | Transition to Braj; used by Sant Sahjobai. |
| South | Malvi | Pratapgarh, Jhalawar | Sub-dialects: Nimadi (Southern) and Rangari. |
| feature | Dingal | Pingal |
|---|---|---|
| Region | Western Rajasthan (Marwar) | Eastern Rajasthan (Mewat/Dhundhar) |
| Main Community | Charan Poets | Bhatt & Rajput Poets |
| Influence | Apabhramsa base | Braj Bhasha influence |
| Tone | Heroic/Harsh (Veer Ras) | Melodic/Sweet (Shringar Ras) |
[!IMPORTANT] The Sita Kant Mohapatra Committee (2003) identified that while often grouped under Hindi, Rajasthani has its own distinct linguistic lineage and grammar base.
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