Folk Music: The Melodic Heritage

Phase 1: Singing Communities

1. Langas & Manganiyars

• From Western Rajasthan (Jaisalmer, Barmer).
• Instruments: Kamaycha, Sarangi, Khartal.

2. Kalbeliyas

• Known for snake charming music.
• Instrument: Pungi (Been).

Phase 2: Professional Folk Music Styles

1. Maand Singing

• The most sophisticated folk style. Originated in Jaisalmer (Maand area).
• Famous singer: Allah Jilai Bai (Bikaner). Famous song: Kesariya Balam.

2. Panihari & Gorbandh

• Songs related to daily life activities.

Phase 3: Classification of Instruments

1. Tat Vadya (Stringed)

• Ravanhattha: Used by Bhopa priests. Half coconut shell.
• Kamaycha: Played by Manganiyars.
• Jantarr: Played by Gurjar Bhopas of Devnarayan ji.

2. sushir Vadya (Wind)

• Alghoza: State musical instrument. Two joined flutes.
• Shehnai: Best wind instrument.
• Pungi: Used by Kalbeliyas.

3. Avanadh Vadya (Percussion/Drum)

• Nangara, Dhol, Mridang.

4. Ghan Vadya (Metallic/Clink)

• Khartal, Manjira.

[!TIP]
Alghoza: This is the State Musical Instrument of Rajasthan.